Massive proteinuria
Proteinuria is a sign of nephrotic syndrome is the main component of albumin also contains other plasma protein components of glomerular basement membrane permeability changes are the underlying causes of proteinuria resulting charge barrier and mechanical barriers (glomerular capillary pore barrier) a direct impact on the extent of changes in proteinuria in renal tubular epithelial cells reabsorption and catabolism ability also affects the formation of proteinuria of glomerular filtration rate in plasma protein concentration and protein intake, such as glomerular filtration rate decreased when the protein urine will be reduced; urinary protein excretion severe hypoproteinemia high protein diet will increase the amount of urinary protein excretion increased; therefore only the daily protein quantification method can not accurately determine the degree of proteinuria may make further urinary protein albumin clearance / creatinine (> 3.5 often nephrotic range proteinuria) urine protein electrophoresis detection in urine IgG components increased selectivity certainly no clinical value of urinary protein selectivity tips low urinary protein has been seldom used.
Hypoproteinemia
Nephrotic syndrome is the second essential characteristic of patients with serum albumin less than a day when the liver synthesis 30g / L nephrotic syndrome, liver albumin synthesis when given enough dietary protein and calories than albumin about 22.6g appear normal 15.6g significantly increased when the liver synthesis of albumin compensatory role every day not enough to offset the amount of urinary protein loss hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia between the amount of urinary protein excretion is consistent failure.
Hyperlipidemia
The disease, total cholesterol and triglyceride significantly increased low-density lipoprotein (LDH) increased very low density lipoprotein (VLDH) level hypoalbuminemia and hyperlipidemia-related LDL / HLDL only serum albumin less than 10 ~ 20g / L only increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is normal or decreased LDL / HDL ratio increased risk of atherosclerotic complications occur so hyperlipidemia and increased thrombosis and progressive glomerular sclerosis.
Edema
Patients with the most notable symptom is gradually increased initial morning eyelid edema visible facial ankle edema; as the disease spread to the whole body and the development of edema, pleural effusion, ascites, pericardial effusion, mediastinal effusion scrotum or labia pulmonary edema can occur in severe cases, can not open my eyes and edema of head and neck showed a thicker skin combined with the presence of pleural effusion of waxy pale so obvious breathing difficulties if not supine sitting position only damage the skin tissue fluid and difficult to stop the spill
