Complications of chronic hemodialysis patients

1) The electrolyte acid-base metabolism in uremic patients because the kidneys reduce acid secretion, the body often in a state of metabolic acidosis. Hyperkalemia in dialysis patients is taking ACEI major adverse reactions, medication intake and monitoring of potassium and potassium.

2) cardiovascular complications

hypotension often occurs in dialysis patients for many years, systolic blood pressure during dialysis is usually no more than 100mmHg, the rate was 5% --10%. Age, excessive ultrafiltration, acetate dialysate, dialysate temperature is higher, the difference between the dialysis membrane biocompatibility, hyperphosphatemia and vasodilators application is the incentive for its occurrence.

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3) blood complications

a) coagulation abnormalities uremic patients because of von Willebrand factor and platelet glycoprotein dysfunction, platelet dysfunction, use of anticoagulants and other factors, often bleeding can occur.

b) maintenance of anemia in hemodialysis patients because the erythropoietin synthesis, anemia, nutritional deficiencies, and other red blood cell growth factor inhibiting factors in plasma, can occur in varying degrees of anemia. Wherein erythropoietin coagulation hyperthyroidism, hyperkalemia, hypertension, seizures and other adverse reactions, should pay attention to early detection and prevention.

c) can occur in patients immunocompromised granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes function was inhibited, low immunity, good infection.

4) neurological complications

5) bone disease and hyperparathyroidism

6) metabolic abnormalities and malnutrition in maintenance hemodialysis patients due to the protein synthesis and amino acid disorders are missing from the dialysate, often in a negative nitrogen balance. It can also occur in patients with lipid metabolism disorders.

7) dialysis-related amyloidosis (DRA) is a long-term hemodialysis patients with the most common and disabling complications. In hemodialysis over five years in patients over the age of 0, about 60% of patients with clinical or pathological evidence of DRA, more than 10 years of almost 100% occurrence DRA. Amyloid deposition occurs mainly in bone and joint and soft tissue, leading to carpal tunnel syndrome, chronic joint disease, recent reports have deposited pleura. Most scholars believe that hemodialysis patients and patient length of time age is a major factor leading to the occurrence of DRA.


8), hepatitis and other complications such as dialysis ascites, pulmonary edema, acquired renal cysts, mental disorders