1. glomerular filtration rate increased: the glomerular filtration rate increased for patients earliest functional changes, glomerular filtration rate increased at the time of diagnosis of diabetes has existed, and continued until proteinuria.
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2. Proteinuria: proteinuria in patients with diabetic nephropathy is the most important clinical manifestations, manifestations of diabetic nephropathy in the early microalbuminuria, as the main characteristics of early diabetic nephropathy, can predict the development of diabetic nephropathy. As the disease progresses, the displacement gradually increased urinary albumin. Start of urinary protein excretion is intermittent, later become sustainable. The more urinary protein excretion, the more severe the disease, the glomerular filtration rate faster.
3. nephrotic syndrome: patients with diabetic nephropathy usually at some stage in the course of the performance of nephrotic syndrome, 24-hour urine protein greater than 3 g, serum albumin decreased, edema, hypercholesterolemia.
4. Hypertension: Hypertension is a significant manifestation of diabetic nephropathy late, high blood pressure can accelerate the development of kidney disease, hypertension who often appear in more short renal failure. And effective antihypertensive therapy can delay the development of kidney disease, prolong the lives of patients.
Treatment
1. Strict control of blood glucose: Early diabetes with insulin or multiple subcutaneous insulin strict control of diabetes, so to maintain normal blood sugar, can delay or even prevent the occurrence and development of diabetic nephropathy, reduce the increased glomerular filtration rate and improve trace albuminuria.
2. Control Hypertension: high blood pressure in patients with renal failure will promote the development of effective antihypertensive therapy can slow the rate of decline in glomerular filtration rate, reduce urinary albumin excretion. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin Ⅱ receptor antagonist can be used as the drug of choice, and often need combined with other antihypertensive drugs. Other antihypertensive drugs such as calcium channel blockers, diuretics, β-blockers, methyldopa, clonidine and the like. Diabetic patients blood pressure should be controlled at 130 / 80mmHg or less.
3. Restrict protein intake: appropriate to reduce the amount of protein in the diet may reduce glomerular pressure, reduce high filtration and reduce proteinuria. And administering to the patient a high protein diet will increase the glomerular histological lesions, renal insufficiency has more protein intake should be limited, and should eat a high protein containing essential amino acids.
4. dialysis and kidney transplantation: the only effective way once diabetic nephropathy renal failure, dialysis and kidney transplantation.
Health also possible? The treatment of diabetic nephropathy. There will occur a variety of methods of treatment of kidney disease, but your best is according to their actual situation kidney disease treatment, when the disease after shooting appeared targeted therapy can be a good situation to ease nephropathy. We hope you through more than one treatment may alleviate the condition and restore health.
