Debilitating, nausea, itching, coma... These symptoms may be caused by acute kidney failure. Acute renal failure refers to a sudden or continuous decline in glomerular filtration rate, which causes retention of nitrogen waste, imbalance of water, electrolytes and acid-base balance, leading to clinical complications of various systemic complications. Acute kidney failure severely damages the kidney, which requires more attention and prevention. It is the first step to recognize its cause.
Three major causes of renal failure
The causes of acute renal failure are various and can be divided into three categories: prerenal, renal and post-renal. Prerenal acute renal failure refers to the reduction of effective circulating blood volume in the blood vessels caused by various prerenal factors, the sharp decrease of renal blood flow, the strong contraction of renal blood vessels, the insufficient perfusion of renal cortical blood vessels, and the decrease of glomerular filtration rate. The reasons are: low blood volume, loss of digestive tract fluid, such as vomiting, diarrhea leading to dehydration; large blood loss; severe burns, trauma and other fluid loss; cardiovascular disease; renal vascular obstruction; renal vascular dynamics self-regulation disorder.
The cause of post-renal acute renal failure is mainly acute urinary tract obstruction. Only the urinary tract can ensure the normal function of the urinary system. Acute urinary tract obstruction increases the pressure above the obstruction, affecting the secretion and excretion of urine, and even hydronephrosis. The renal parenchyma is pressed to cause a sharp decline in renal function and cause renal failure.
Renal acute renal failure refers to renal parenchymal injury, which is usually caused by renal ischemia or nephrotoxic substances, and renal tubular epithelial cells, including renal glomerular disease, renal vascular disease and interstitial lesions.
Five "culprits" in life
The above causes are very serious and seem to be far away from us, but many pathogenic factors are hidden in our daily lives. The following five "culprits" have to be prevented.
Improper medication. Many medicines can't be eaten or eaten often, otherwise it will cause a huge burden on the kidneys, and even lead to kidney damage and kidney failure. The first category is antibiotics. The most toxic is aminoglycosides, such as gentamicin, kanamycin, and neomycin, which have direct nephrotoxicity. Followed by β-lactams, such as cephalosporins and penicillins. There are also sulfonamides, which are easy to precipitate crystals in the renal tubules, causing symptoms such as hematuria, dysuria, and urinary closure. When taking sulfa drugs, it is necessary to add bicarbonate or citrate to alkalize the urine, while drinking plenty of water to increase the amount of urine, elderly and renal dysfunction should be used with caution.
The second category is antipyretic analgesics, which are over-the-counter medications and are generally available at pharmacies. Many people have headaches, joint pains, or rheumatoid arthritis, traumatic arthritis, and cervical spondylosis. People who have low-dose, short-term, and no kidney disease have little problem with analgesics, but those who have poor kidney function may have great damage to the kidneys after taking them.
The third category is contrast agent, which is mainly based on CT enhancement and coronary angiography. Contrast kidney disease is increasingly common. People with poor kidney function are high-risk groups. It is necessary to pay attention to assessing whether it is suitable for angiography, what kind of contrast agent is used, and avoiding continuous angiography or high-dose angiography.
Another thing to be reminded is that the general population uses safe drugs or drug doses within a safe range, and can also damage the kidneys when applied to children and the elderly. Therefore, when the elderly and children are ill, under the guidance of a doctor, try to choose a drug with low toxicity; be sure to follow the doctor's advice, do not blindly increase the dose or extend the medication time. If side effects or kidney damage occur, stop taking the medicine and seek medical attention.
Abuse of whitening cosmetics. The ingredients of cosmetics on the market are usually complicated. In order to achieve the effect of rapid whitening and rapid freckle, merchants will add lead, mercury and other toxic substances to cosmetics. Once inhaled, absorbed, and deposited in the kidneys, these harmful substances cannot be excreted and accumulated in the kidneys to cause damage. Once the glomeruli and renal tubules are destroyed, it is difficult to recover as ever.
Excessive exercise. Although the movement is good, you can't "use too much force." Especially in high-temperature weather, severe exercise, sweating, rain, can cause severe ischemia of the kidneys, can not maintain the balance of body fluid electrolytes and excretion of metabolites, causing hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis and uremic syndrome.
Mistaken fish gall. Many people have symptoms of blistering in their mouths, squatting on their faces, etc. When they hear that fish broth can clear their eyes, they go to buy grass carp and take the fish to swallow. This directly leads to vomiting and diarrhea, chest tightness and palpitation, decreased urine output, severe liver and kidney indicators, electrolyte imbalance in the body, and severe acidosis, which are usually diagnosed as acute renal failure. From the perspective of Chinese medicine, fish bile does have the effect of clearing away heat and detoxifying, clearing the liver and clearing the eye, but it must be properly treated and taken with caution. If not eaten properly, the fish gall bladder is like arsenic, and its bile toxin hydrocyanic acid can cause poisoning, acute kidney damage and kidney failure.
Old sugar friend. The kidney function of human beings gradually declines after the age of 40. The kidneys of patients with diabetes and hypertension suffer damage every day, and the resistance of diabetic patients is prone to urinary tract infection. Under the combined effect of these several reasons, the elderly sugar friends Prone to acute renal failure.
Active treatment, strengthen nursing
Acute renal failure must first correct the cause of reversibility. For all kinds of severe trauma, heart failure, acute blood loss, etc. should be treated accordingly, including expansion, correction of blood volume deficiency.
Second, maintain the patient's water, electrolytes and acid-base balance. Strictly calculate the patient's 24-hour liquid intake and withdrawal, and follow the principle of “pay-as-you-go” when refilling.
Again, once signs of infection appear, active antibiotics should be actively used.
In addition, blood purification plays a key role in the treatment of acute renal failure, and has a good effect on correcting symptoms such as azotemia, heart failure, severe acidosis and encephalopathy.
Daily care plays an important role in the recovery of patients with acute renal failure. Patients in recovery period should be absolutely bed rest, keep quiet, reduce the burden on the kidneys; patients with lower extremity edema should raise the lower limbs; for patients with conscious disorders, extra bed guardrails; comatose should be routinely treated according to comatose patients; pay attention to personal hygiene To keep the skin clean and strengthen oral care; for bedridden and weak patients, it should be turned over regularly to prevent pressure sores and lung infections; when the amount of urine increases and the condition improves, the patient can gradually increase the amount of activity so as not to feel tired. .
