Indiscriminate use of drugs can cause acute renal failure

Speaker: Deputy Chief Physician, Department of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University

Debilitating, nausea, itching, coma... These symptoms may be caused by acute kidney failure. Acute renal failure refers to a sudden or continuous decline in glomerular filtration rate, which causes retention of nitrogen waste, imbalance of water, electrolytes and acid-base balance, leading to clinical complications of various systemic complications. Acute kidney failure severely damages the kidney, which requires more attention and prevention. It is the first step to recognize its cause.

Three major causes of renal failure

The causes of acute renal failure are various and can be divided into three categories: prerenal, renal and post-renal. Prerenal acute renal failure refers to the reduction of effective circulating blood volume in the blood vessels caused by various prerenal factors, the sharp decrease of renal blood flow, the strong contraction of renal blood vessels, the insufficient perfusion of renal cortical blood vessels, and the decrease of glomerular filtration rate. The reasons are: low blood volume, loss of digestive tract fluid, such as vomiting, diarrhea leading to dehydration; large blood loss; severe burns, trauma and other fluid loss; cardiovascular disease; renal vascular obstruction; renal vascular dynamics self-regulation disorder.

The cause of post-renal acute renal failure is mainly acute urinary tract obstruction. Only the urinary tract can ensure the normal function of the urinary system. Acute urinary tract obstruction increases the pressure above the obstruction, affecting the secretion and excretion of urine, and even hydronephrosis. The renal parenchyma is pressed to cause a sharp decline in renal function and cause renal failure.
Renal acute renal failure refers to renal parenchymal injury, which is usually caused by renal ischemia or nephrotoxic substances, and renal tubular epithelial cells, including renal glomerular disease, renal vascular disease and interstitial lesions.

Five "culprits" in life

The above causes are very serious and seem to be far away from us, but many pathogenic factors are hidden in our daily lives. The following five "culprits" have to be prevented.

Improper medication. Many medicines can't be eaten or eaten often, otherwise it will cause a huge burden on the kidneys, and even lead to kidney damage and kidney failure. The first category is antibiotics. The most toxic is aminoglycosides, such as gentamicin, kanamycin, and neomycin, which have direct nephrotoxicity. Followed by β-lactams, such as cephalosporins and penicillins. There are also sulfonamides, which are easy to precipitate crystals in the renal tubules, causing symptoms such as hematuria, dysuria, and urinary closure. When taking sulfa drugs, it is necessary to add bicarbonate or citrate to alkalize the urine, while drinking plenty of water to increase the amount of urine, elderly and renal dysfunction should be used with caution.

The second category is antipyretic analgesics, which are over-the-counter medications and are generally available at pharmacies. Many people have headaches, joint pains, or rheumatoid arthritis, traumatic arthritis, and cervical spondylosis. People who have low-dose, short-term, and no kidney disease have little problem with analgesics, but those who have poor kidney function may have great damage to the kidneys after taking them.

The third category is contrast agent, which is mainly based on CT enhancement and coronary angiography. Contrast kidney disease is increasingly common. People with poor kidney function are high-risk groups. It is necessary to pay attention to assessing whether it is suitable for angiography, what kind of contrast agent is used, and avoiding continuous angiography or high-dose angiography.

Another thing to be reminded is that the general population uses safe drugs or drug doses within a safe range, and can also damage the kidneys when applied to children and the elderly. Therefore, when the elderly and children are ill, under the guidance of a doctor, try to choose a drug with low toxicity; be sure to follow the doctor's advice, do not blindly increase the dose or extend the medication time. If side effects or kidney damage occur, stop taking the medicine and seek medical attention.
Abuse of whitening cosmetics. The ingredients of cosmetics on the market are usually complicated. In order to achieve the effect of rapid whitening and rapid freckle, merchants will add lead, mercury and other toxic substances to cosmetics. Once inhaled, absorbed, and deposited in the kidneys, these harmful substances cannot be excreted and accumulated in the kidneys to cause damage. Once the glomeruli and renal tubules are destroyed, it is difficult to recover as ever.
Excessive exercise. Although the movement is good, you can't "use too much force." Especially in high-temperature weather, severe exercise, sweating, rain, can cause severe ischemia of the kidneys, can not maintain the balance of body fluid electrolytes and excretion of metabolites, causing hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis and uremic syndrome.

Mistaken fish gall. Many people have symptoms of blistering in their mouths, squatting on their faces, etc. When they hear that fish broth can clear their eyes, they go to buy grass carp and take the fish to swallow. This directly leads to vomiting and diarrhea, chest tightness and palpitation, decreased urine output, severe liver and kidney indicators, electrolyte imbalance in the body, and severe acidosis, which are usually diagnosed as acute renal failure. From the perspective of Chinese medicine, fish bile does have the effect of clearing away heat and detoxifying, clearing the liver and clearing the eye, but it must be properly treated and taken with caution. If not eaten properly, the fish gall bladder is like arsenic, and its bile toxin hydrocyanic acid can cause poisoning, acute kidney damage and kidney failure.

Old sugar friend. The kidney function of human beings gradually declines after the age of 40. The kidneys of patients with diabetes and hypertension suffer damage every day, and the resistance of diabetic patients is prone to urinary tract infection. Under the combined effect of these several reasons, the elderly sugar friends Prone to acute renal failure.

Active treatment, strengthen nursing

Acute renal failure must first correct the cause of reversibility. For all kinds of severe trauma, heart failure, acute blood loss, etc. should be treated accordingly, including expansion, correction of blood volume deficiency.

Second, maintain the patient's water, electrolytes and acid-base balance. Strictly calculate the patient's 24-hour liquid intake and withdrawal, and follow the principle of “pay-as-you-go” when refilling.

Again, once signs of infection appear, active antibiotics should be actively used.
In addition, blood purification plays a key role in the treatment of acute renal failure, and has a good effect on correcting symptoms such as azotemia, heart failure, severe acidosis and encephalopathy.

Daily care plays an important role in the recovery of patients with acute renal failure. Patients in recovery period should be absolutely bed rest, keep quiet, reduce the burden on the kidneys; patients with lower extremity edema should raise the lower limbs; for patients with conscious disorders, extra bed guardrails; comatose should be routinely treated according to comatose patients; pay attention to personal hygiene To keep the skin clean and strengthen oral care; for bedridden and weak patients, it should be turned over regularly to prevent pressure sores and lung infections; when the amount of urine increases and the condition improves, the patient can gradually increase the amount of activity so as not to feel tired. .

What Is The Treatment For High Blood Pressure In Kidney Failure

Your kidneys play a key role in keeping your blood pressure in a healthy range, and blood pressure, in turn, can affect the health of your kidneys. High blood pressure, also called hypertension, can damage the kidneys.

How does high blood pressure hurt my kidneys?

High blood pressure makes your heart work harder and, over time, can damage blood vessels throughout your body. If the blood vessels in your kidneys are damaged, they may stop removing wastes and extra fluid from your body. The extra fluid in your blood vessels may then raise blood pressure even more. It's a dangerous cycle.

High blood pressure is one of the leading causes of kidney failure, also commonly called end-stage renal disease (ESRD). People with kidney failure must either receive a kidney transplant or go on dialysis. Every year, high blood pressure causes more than 25,000 new cases of kidney failure in the United States.

How can I control my blood pressure?

NHLBI has found that five lifestyle changes can help control blood pressure:
Maintain your weight at a level close to normal. Choose fruits, vegetables, grains, and low-fat dairy foods.

Limit your daily sodium (salt) intake to 2,000 milligrams or lower if you already have high blood pressure. Read nutrition labels on packaged foods to learn how much sodium is in one serving. Keep a sodium diary.

Get plenty of exercise, which means at least 30 minutes of moderate activity, such as walking, most days of the week.

Avoid consuming too much alcohol. Men should limit consumption to two drinks (two 12-ounce servings of beer or two 5-ounce servings of wine or two 1.5-ounce servings of "hard" liquor) a day. Women should have no more than a single serving on a given day because metabolic differences make women more susceptible to the effects of alcohol.

Limit caffeine intake.


People who smoke should quit. Smoking can damage blood vessels, raise the chance of high blood pressure, and worsen health problems related to high blood pressure. People with high blood pressure should talk with their health care provider about programs and products they can use to quit smoking.

Why a small cold can also develop into renal failure, uremia

Small yellow cold, and their own to eat a little cold medicine, but also a week later did not see good, but also feel dizzy, the body swollen, drink a lot of hot water every day do not sweat is not how the toilet, and sometimes sometimes breathing Feeling difficult, and finally could not carry, went to the hospital.

A check found that the diagnosis was directly diagnosed as uremia, accompanied by high blood pressure, the doctor arranged her immediately dialysis treatment.

How could it become uremia?

She and her family are shocked, obviously a small cold, eat some medicine can be good, do not even take medicine to drink a few days can also be a good disease, how could become uremia?

Indeed, the cold itself does not directly lead to kidney failure, uremia, but the cold is easy to induce human immune dysfunction, so that the body produces a lot of toxins, and these toxins need to remove the kidneys.

If the cold cycle is long or repeated cold, coupled with "casual" eat cold medicine, will make the accumulation of toxins in the kidneys, damage the renal blood vessels, leading to inflammatory cell infiltration, and promote a series of factors that cause kidney toxicity Kidney fibrosis, is likely to lead to acute and chronic nephritis, renal failure, and ultimately the development of uremia.


Although kidney disease is sometimes rapid, sometimes silent state, but not without symptoms. Then if you have a cold, but also the following symptoms, must be highly attention, carefully dragged into uremia!

01 edema, fatigue

If the cold at the same time also appeared lower eyelid lower extremity edema, whole body fatigue situation, to do the urine test in time This is likely to be caused by poor renal function, decreased renal excretion.
Kidney secretion disorders, urine protein loss, water and sodium retention, it will cause eyelid and lower extremity edema; and the body of waste, toxins can not be discharged through the urine, it will make people appear fatigue, lack of energy and other feelings.

02 Abnormal urine output

Normal urination 4 to 6 times a day, urine output of about 1000 ml to 2000 ml. If the cold, obviously drink a lot of water, there will be no sweating does not urinate this situation, it should be noted.
Abnormal urine output is due to decreased renal filtration function, resulting in the toxins in the urine can not be discharged, seriously affecting kidney health.


03 poor appetite, no appetite

A fever may cause symptoms of gastrointestinal discomfort, but usually does not last. If there is no cold after eating, bloating, nausea, vomiting, long-term digestive disorders, it is necessary to seek medical treatment.

This may be increased blood urea nitrogen, in the intestinal decomposition of ammonia, stimulate the gastrointestinal mucosa, causing nausea and vomiting, this time, the disease may have been more serious.

Although the cold seems to be a small problem but also attach importance to, because it may lead to the occurrence of uremia. Do not have only a small problem, carry a carry on the past of this psychological, not to rest, nor treatment.

Can Renal Failure from Diabetes Be Cured Or Not

I would like to ask if renal failure caused by diabetes can be cured, men, more than 50 years old,creatinine level 430, has been hospitalized for a month, a month ago, before no attention, no dialysis, a month ago whole body edema, , Today's test results is normal blood glucose blood pressure is to rise, that is tired, our hospital recommended transfer, almost no activity because of the femoral head necrosis, immunity is now no, often cold.

The number of patients, how much is now the creatinine value, the patient age is not large, find the disease for a long time? Dialysis, uh, explain the drug strength. What are the symptoms of the patient now? Are still in hospital treatment? Current condition to consider chronic renal failure acute progress, need to find acute progress factors thorough treatment. What is the number of your phone, I give you the past to recommend senior kidney hospital, including the degree of the disease at this time and the best perfect treatment program, the patient is usually the same? As well as the diet should pay attention to you one by one to talk about, you have a condition and treatment of the perfect understanding of reference

Renal failure is most biased to these four patients

Kidney disease if not timely and effective control, it is easy to lead to kidney failure, which is what we call kidney failure.
"
Strictly speaking, renal failure is not a disease, but the development of chronic kidney disease to a certain extent after the period.

Drug abuse patients

Nephrotic patients prone to a variety of inflammation, infectious diseases, often random medication or do not follow the doctor prescribed a drug replacement. However, antibiotics, painkillers, as well as unknown ingredients health care products, have a strong renal toxicity, after the injury is likely to cause organ failure.

Therefore, patients should be careful medication, in a cold, inflammation, the first consultation with the doctor after the choice of treatment drugs. In addition, do not listen to the right side, casual Chinese medicine.

Patients who ignore symptoms

Renal hypertension, anemia, mild urinary protein, occult blood and other patients with kidney disease often appear symptoms, if the symptoms are lighter and without attention, then their adverse effects are likely to cause greater damage to the kidneys.
Hypertension, anemia, urinary protein, etc., can be a reasonable diet and moderate exercise to ease, the patient must pay attention to it.

Overeating patients

Kidney disease in patients with kidney metabolism is far less than the general strong, if the patient and then eat a lot of eutrophic substances such as protein, fat, sugar, potassium and phosphorus elements, will give the kidney a greater metabolic burden.

To prevent kidney failure, the patient should develop a reasonable diet habits, less dirty and more prime, eat staple food.

Not enough to adhere to the patient

Kidney disease treatment is a protracted war, kidney disease patients to find the right, the appropriate treatment, it must adhere to the treatment until the clinical cure.

Fear of patients is not enough to insist, interrupt the regular treatment, and ultimately the development of chronic kidney disease to renal failure period.

Did the patients see their shadow from the above four types of people? If not, of course, is the best situation; if any, it must be early to correct bad habits, to curb the process of renal failure.